Geometrical instrument.



-.I. KLEIDMAN.

GEOMETRICAL INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION FILED NOV-6.19II.

Patented Dec. 24, 1918.

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J. KLEIDMAN.

GEOMETRICAL INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION FILED NOY. 6,1917.

Patented Dec. 24, 1918.

INVENTOR. J. K 181' Elm an M M A TTORNEY 6 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

.l'OSEPH KLEIDMAN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

GEOMETRICAL INSTRUMENT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 24, 1918.

Application filed November 6. 1917. Serial No. 200,527.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH KLEIDMAN, a citizen of Russia, and a resident of the city of New York, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Geometrical Instruments, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to geometrical instruments, and more particularly to scribers of the compass type, designed for producing curved lines.

The main object of the present invention is to provide improved compasses, the scriber or marker of which is adapted to draw, with a single setting of the stationary leg of the instrument, a curve or curves having more than one center.

Another object of the invention is to produce a device of the character mentioned having means for mechanically registering in degrees the section of the arcs produced, and, in linear terms, the radial distance.

A further object of the invention is to construct a device of the type mentioned, which is extremely simple to use, and upon which can be mounted pencil-, ink-, and other marking-members.

With these and other objects in view, which will more fully appear as the nature of the invention is better understood, the same consists in the combination, arrangement, and construction of parts hereinafter described, pointed out in the appended claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it being understood that many changes may be made in the size and proportion of the several parts and details of construction within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention. v

A few of the many possible embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a vertical section taken through compasses constructed in accordance with the present invention, the scriber being shown partly in elevation; Fig. 2 is a section taken on line 22 of Fig. 1, on a larger scale; Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the upper portion of the compasses; Fig. 4 is a section taken on line H of Fig. 3, on a larger scale; Figs. 5 and 6 are specimens of the curves produced with the improved compasses; Fig. 7 is a vertical central section,

partly in elevation, taken through a modification of the compasses; Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail, being a vertical section taken through the upper part of the compasses shown in Fig. 7 Fig. 8 is a section taken on line"88 of Fig. 7 Fig. 9 is a specimen of the curves produced by the aid of the device shown in Figs. 7 and 8; Fig. 10 illustrates a circle having a section shaded, produced by the improved compass and without changing the position of the stationary leg thereof; Fig. 11 is a front elevation of a modification of the compasses shown in Figs. 7 and 8; Fig. 12 illustrates the scale shown on the upper part of the compasses disclosed by Fig. 11, but developed or laid out in a plane; Fig. 13 is a vertical section taken through the upper portion of a further improvement of the invention; and Fig. 14 is a specimen of a curve produced by the compasses shown in Fig. 13.

Referring now first to Figs. 1 to at, inclusive, the numeral designates the stationary leg of the bow compasses, provided with a centering point 21 for the well-known purpose. To the upper end of this leg is fixedly attached in any suitable manner a finger piece 22, in the present case of the thimble type, into which one of the fingers may be inserted, leaving the thumb and remaining fingers of the hand free to operate the marker and other movable parts of the instrument. The leg 20 extends eccentrically through a sleeve 23, that is provided upon its upper end with a flange 24. This sleeve is adapted to rotate upon the leg 20, and also to be shifted thereon in the direction of its longitudinal axis. The extent of the downward movement of the sleeve on the leg is L limited by a stop on the leg, its upward movement, on the other hand, being limited by the finger piece 22 above mentioned. Over the sleeve 23 is drawn a cylindrical casing 26, which is adapted to rotate on the said sleeve. This casing is, for structural reasons, made of two sections, denoted by the numerals 27 and 28, said two sections being united in any suitable manner, for instance by providing the section 27 with a recess 29, having interior screw threads, meshing with those of the section 28. WVithin the said recess are disposed stops 30 on the sleeve 23,, said: stops being adapted to bear against the. section 28 of the casing, thereby causing the said casing to be lifted with the sleeve, when the latter is moved toward the finger piece on the stationary leg of the device. The section 28 of the casing is provided with a flange 31 a suitable distance below the flange 24 above mentioned. To the casing 26 are attached elastic strips 32, constituting, with the casing, the other leg of the compasses. To this leg is attached a marker 33 of any suitable construction.

With the stationary leg20, sleeve 23 and casing 26 cooperates a clutch 34. in the form of a pin, having a polygonal cross-section. This pin is mounted to slide vertically in an opening 35 in the flange 24 of the sleeve, and is provided with a finger-piece 36. ".ThB pin is notched as shown at 37, to engage with a friction spring 37, by which it is adjustably held in position. The clutch is adapted to enter recesses 38 in. the finger piece 22, or recesses 39 in the flange 31 of the casing 26.

The operation of the device. is as follows :As shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings, the clutch pin is in its neutral position. If the pin is shifted and seated in one of the recesses in the finger piece 22, the sleeve 23 is locked to the stationary leg 20 of the apparatus. By rotating then the casing, the marker 33 will describe a circle, the center of which registers with the longitudinal axis of the said casing. On. the other hand, when the clutch pin is shifted into one of the recesses 39 in theflange 31 of the casing and the casingrotated, the marker 33 will turn in a circle, of which the centering point of the stationary leg 20 is the center, this circle having a' greater radius than the onedescribed in the manner above mentioned.

Taking this into consideration and refer ring to Fig. 5 of the drawings, it will be noted that, with a single setting of. the centering point of the device, two eccentric circles may be described, one within the other, said circles contacting and their cen ters being disposed at a distance, which corresponds to the eccentricity of the axes of the stationary leg 20 and the sleeve 23'.

If the clutch pin is engaged with one of the recesses in the finger vpiere 22 and a half circle produced, and the clutch then changed to engage with the-flange31 of the casing 23and the circlecompleted, the figuresdescribed willbe as shown in Fig. 6, or in other words part of a spiral- The device shown in Figs. 7 and 8 differs from the one shown in Figs. 1 to4, inclusive, in that it includes an additional sleeve 40, which is .mounted eccentrically upon a sleeve 23, corresponding to the sleeve 23 ofthe device shown in Fig; 1 of the drawings. The casing 26 of this device is mounted upon the sleeve 40 in a similar manner as the one described in Fig- 1 of the drawings. The sleeve 40 is provided with a flange 41 at its upper end.

The means for connecting the sleeves of this device to the respective elements, or to each other, is shown in detail in Fig. 7. In the device there shown, a locking nut 42 is carried by the stationary leg 20, which, when tightened, binds the sleeve 23 to the stationary leg, interlocking these two elements so that the outer sleeve 40 then rotates on the sleeve 23, which is stationary. Similarly a locking nut 43 is carried by the sleeve 23, which, when tightened, binds the sleeve 40, interlocking the two sleeves so that they move as one. Similarly, a locking nut 44 carried by the eccentric 40, when tightened, binds the casing 26, and interlocks the latter and the sleeve 40, so that the said sleeve and the casing move as a single element.

The operation of this device is as, follows: By interlocking properly the stationary leg, the two sleeves and the casing of the apparatus by means of the three locking nuts, with-a single setting of the stationary leg, various figures can be produced, for instance the one shown in Fig. 9 of the drawings.

Inasmuch as in the device shown in Figs. 7, 7* and 8 a clutching means, in the form of locking nuts, is employed which permits, when disengaged, of a relative rotary motion of the two sleeves, stationary leg and casing of the. device, the eccentricity of the circles to be produced may be varied according to the requirements. Circles hav ing shaded sections can thus be produced with the instrument similar to the line shown in Fig. 10 of the drawings. In this figure the shade extends bver an arc of 180 degrees, it being, however, obvious that, by changing the relative positions of the two eccentric sleeves, the extent of the shade may be varied according to the requirements.

In the modification shown in F 11 of the drawings a double sleeve type of the instrument is illustrated, having both degree and linear scales. In this case a pointer 45 is carried by the finger piece 22 or, in other words, by the stationary leg 20 ot' the instrument. This pointer is adapted to indicate on a. scale 46 on the sleeve 40 the section of the are described, up to 180 degrees, by the motion of the marker The frame 47, on which the marker is removably mounted, is adapted to indicate the linear magnitude of the radius of the are or circle described by any motion. of the marker. The parallel scale 48, is shown. in this figure as removably mounted on the casing 26, and

is secured thereto, for instance, by a set screw 49.

The scale 46 is shown laid out or developed in a plane surface in detail in Fig. 12 of the drawings, while another view of th same is shown in detail in Fig. 8.

A stop is formed on a ring 51, that is loosely carried on the flange 31 of the casing 26. By tightening a set screw 52, the ring can be locked to the casing and move thus therewith. When set, the stop, contacting with the pointer 45, at any measured interval, determines the section of the arc described by the marker 38. A stop 53 is secured to the casing 26, and is set at zero of the scale 46 for operative adjustment, as the initial point for the line to be produced. A thumb piece 54 is fixedly attached to the sleeve 40, and by it the same can be adj ustably positioned before tightening either of the locking nuts 43 or 44 to interlock the sleeve 40 with the casing of the device or the sleeve 23. A thumb piece 55 is similarly secured to the sleeve 23, by which it may be similarly positioned.

A clamping screw 56 is used in the devices shown in Figs. '7 and 11 of the drawings, which, when screwed down, binds all of the parts together, s that the device may be used as an ordinary bow compass.

The operation of the device shown in Fig. 11 of the drawings is in all respects similar to the one described in connection with Figs. 7 and 8.

The modification shown in Fig. 13 of the drawings differs from the one described in connection with l to 4, inclusive. in that the casing 26, the sleeve 23 and the stationary leg 20 are geared together. In the case illustrated there is secured, in any suitable manner, to the stationary leg a crown gear 57, in mesh with a spur gear 5%}, that is rotatably mounted upon the casing and meshes with a crown gear 59, the latter being fixed to the sleeve 23.

The operation of this device is as follows: The leg 20 of the device is kept stationary and the casing rotated, for instance in the direction of the arrow denoted by the numeral 60 in 14 of the drawings, whereby the sleeve 23 will move in the opposite direction. In this manner a closed curve is produced, resembling an ellipse.

lVhat I claim is:

1. A pair of compasses, comprising a stationary leg, a leg rotatably mounted thereon carrying a marker, and means connected to the stationary leg to shift the axis or rotation of the marker carrying leg about the stationary leg.

2. A pair of compasses, comprlslng astationary leg, a leg rotatably mounted thereon carrying a marker, means connected to the stationary leg to shift the axis of rotation of the marker carrying leg about the stationary leg, and means for operatively positioning said stationary leg.

3. A pair of compasses, comprising a stationary leg, a leg rotatably mounted thereon carrying a marker, means connected to the stationary leg to shift the axis of rotation of the marker carrying a leg about the stationary leg, and a finger piece on said stationary leg adapted to operatively position the same with a. single finger.

4. A pair of compasses, comprising a stationary leg, a casing rotatably mounted thereon carrying a marker, and means within said casing connected to the stationary leg to shift the axis of rotation of said casing about the stationary leg.

5. A pair of compasses, comprising a stationary leg, a sleeve eccentrically and rotatably mounted thereon, a casing drawn over said sleeve to rotate thereon and carrying a marker, and means for locking said sleeve, either to said stationary leg or tosaid casing.

6. A pair of compasses, comprising a stationary leg, a sleeve eccentrically and rotatably mounted thereon, a casing drawn over said sleeve to rotate thereon and carrying a marker, and a clutch for locking said sleeve, either to said stationary leg or to said casin 7 A pair of compasses, comprising a stationary leg, a sleeve eccentrically and rotatably mounted thereon, a casing drawn over said sleeve to rotate thereon and carrying a marker, means for locking said sleeve, either to said stationary leg or to said casing, and means for operatively positioning said stationary leg.

8. A pair of compasses, comprising a stationary leg, two sleeves rotatably mounted thereon, said sleeves being disposed one within the other and eccentrical in relation to each other and to said stationary leg, and means for interlocking the outer or both of said sleeves with said casing, and the inner one or both with said stationary leg, Or both sleeves with each other.

9. A pair of compasses, comprising a stationary leg, two sleeves rotatably mounted thereon, said sleeves being disposed one within the other and eccentrical in relation to each other and to said stationary leg, and means for adjustably positioning and interlocking the outer or both of said sleeves with said casing, and the inner one or both with said stationary leg, or both sleeves .with each other.

10. A pair of compasses, comprising a sta tionary leg, two sleeves rotatably mounted thereon, said sleeves being disposed one within the other and eccentrical in relation to each other and to said stationary leg, means for interlocking the outer or both of said sleeves with said casing, and the inner one or both with said stationary leg, or both sleeves with each other, and means for positioning said stationary leg with a single finger.

11. A pair of compasses, comprising a stationary leg, two sleeves rotatably mounted thereon, said sleeves being disposed one within the other and eccentrical in relation to each other and to said stationary leg,

&

means for adjustably positioning and interlocking the outer or both of said sleeves With said casing, and the inner one or both with said stationary leg, or both sleeves with each .5 other, and means for positioning said sta- If sleeves With each other, a scalegraduated in degrees on one of said movable elements, and a pointer on said stationary leg adapted to cooperate With said scale.

13. A pair of compasses, comprising a stationary leg, tWo sleeves rotatably mounted thereon, said sleeves being disposed one within the other and eccentrical in relation to each other and to said stationary leg, means for adjustably positioning and interlocking the outer or both of said sleeves With said casing, and the inner one or both nvith said stationary leg, or both sleeves with each other, a scale graduated in degrees on one of said movable elements, and a pointer on said stationary leg adapted to cooperate with said scale.

14:. A pair of compasses, comprising a stationary leg, a member eccentrically and rotatably mounted thereon carrying a marker, and means for shifting, at Will, the center of the curve described by said marker from the centering point of said stationary leg to the longitudinal axis of said rotatable memher, and vice versa.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York, and State of New York, this th dayof November, A. D. 1917.

JOSEPH KLEIDMAN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Gommissioner of Iatents. Washington, I). C. 

